Federal cabinet ministers pakistan pdf free download

On December 8th contruction of the islands started. Controversy Many local NGOs, political parties and even Sindh Government have raised their voice about these development projects. It is an offshore mud volcano and rose out of the water overnight in March The island is connected to the mainland by a 12 kilometre long causeway called the Sandspit.

Manora and neighbouring islands form a protective barrier between Karachi harbour to the north and the Arabian Sea to the south. The western bay of the harbour contains endangered mangrove forests which border the Sandspit and Manora island.

To the east is Karachi Bay and the beach towns of Kiamari and Clifton. History According to the British historian Eliot, parts of city of Karachi and the island of Manora at port of Karachi constituted the city of Debal. The island was the site of a small fort constructed in the eighteenth century when the port of Karachi traded with Oman and Bahrain.

The fort was stormed by the British in because of the strategic location of Karachi. Although the fort is now buried beneath the naval base, the lighthouse is a visible reminder of the British presence having been built in to assist vessels approaching Karachi harbour.

The island of Manora has served for more than 50 years as the main base of the Pakistan Navy, with berths for naval vessels located along the eastern edge of the island. The island has been governed as a military cantonment despite being located so close to Karachi.

The opening of the new Jinnah Naval Base at Ormara, kilometres away, has mean't that approximately half of the naval vessels have moved away from Manora. Tourism 18 Prepared By Talib.

At the southeastern end of Manora island is the tallest lighthouse 28 m or 91 feet high in Pakistan. The island lies approximately minutes by boat ride from mainland Karachi but there are no good hotels available for an overnight stay. For this and other reasons, the Government of Pakistan has been considering developing the island into a tourist destination. The island has been envisioned as an exotic location with natural landscapes such as the beaches and the mangrove forests, and secluded beauty with an upgrade for the lighthouse to add to the quaint feel of the island.

As part of the development plans, the KPT and all Military establishments will vacate the island and hand it over to the the companies for development. The development, so to speak, will comprise of establishing high rise hotels and apartment buildings in the areas. Gurdwaras In Pakistan Gurdwaras are an essential part of Sikhism and form an important part of the history of Sikhism.

The Punjab was only divided in when the separate nations of India and Pakistan were formed. Before this, the area covered by the two countries was one nation. The following is a list of important places in Sikh history: 1.

It is at a distance of about 1. Gurdwara Tambu Sahib, Nankana Sahib 8. Gurdwara Nihang Singhan, Nankana Sahib Gurdwara Pehli Patshahi, Lahore Gurdwara Sri Nank Garh, Lahore Gurdwara Diwan Khana, Lahore Dharamshala Sri Guru Ramdas, Lahore Gurdwara Lal Khooh, Lahore Gurdwara Patshahi Chhevin Gurdwara Patshahi Chhevin Muzang Gurdwara Shikargarh Patshahi Chhevin, Lahore Shahid Ganj Bhai Taru Singh Gurdwara Shahid Ganj Sighnian, Lahore The glacier joins the huge Baltoro Glacier one of the largest glaciers outside polar region that flows northwest in the beginning and then turns westward.

Baltoro Glacier The Baltoro Glacier, at 57 kilometers long, is one of the longest glaciers outside of the Polar Regions.

It is located in Baltistan, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, and runs through part of the Karakoram mountain range. The Baltoro Muztagh lies to the north and east of the glacier, while the Masherbrum Mountains lie to the south.

At 8, m 28, ft , K2 is the highest mountain in the region, and three others within 20 km top 8, m. The glacier gives rise to the Shigar River, which is a tributary of the Indus River. Several large tributary glaciers feed the main Baltoro glacier, including the Godwin Austen Glacier, flowing south from K2; the Abruzzi and the various Gasherbrum Glaciers, flowing from the Gasherbrum group of peaks; the Vigne Glacier, flowing from Chogolisa, and the Yermandendu Glacier, flowing from Masherbrum.

The confluence of the main Baltoro Glacier with the Godwin Austen Glacier is known as Concordia; this location and K2 base camp are popular trekking destinations. The trough of this glacier is very wide and its central part is a vast snowfield.

Small valley glaciers form icefalls where they meet the trunk glacier. The sidewalls vary from very steep to precipitous. The glacier has carved striations on the surrounding country rocks.

Moving ice has formed depressions, which serve as basins for numerous glacial lakes. The glacier can be approached via the important Balti town of Skardu.

Batura Glacier Batura Glacier 57km long is one of the largest and longest glaciers outside the polar regions. It lies in the Gojal region of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, just north of Batura 7, m and Passu 7, m massifs. It flows west to east. The lower portions can be described as a grey sea of rocks and gravelly moraine, bordered by a few summer villages and pastures with herds of sheep, goats, cows and yaks and where roses and juniper trees are common.

Biafo Glacier The Biafo Glacier is a 63 km long glacier in the Karakoram Mountains of the Northern Areas, Pakistan which meets the 49 km long Hispar Glacier at an altitude of 5,m 16, feet at Hispar La Pass to create the world's longest glacial system outside of the polar regions.

This highway of ice connects two ancient mountain kingdoms, Nagar immediately south of Hunza in the west with Baltistan in the east. The traverse uses 51 of the Biafo Glacier's 63 km and all of the Hispar Glacier to form a km glacial route. Snow Lake, consisting of parts of the upper Biafo Glacier and its tributary glacier Sim Gang, is one of the world's largest basins of snow or ice in the world outside of the polar regions, up to one mile in depth.

The Biafo Glacier is the world's third longest glacier outside of the polar regions, second only to the 70 km Siachen Glacier disputed between Pakistan and India and Tajikistan's 77 km long Fedchenko Glacier.

Campsites along the Biafo are located off of the glacier, adjacent to the lateral moraines and steep mountainsides. The first three heading up from the last village before the glacier, the thousand-year-old Askole village are beautiful sites with flowing water nearby.

Mango and Namla, the first two campsites, are often covered in flowers and Namla has an amazing waterfall very near the camping area. Biantha, the third camp site, is often used as a rest day. A large green meadow, it has a few running streams near the camp and many places to spend the day rock climbing or rappelling. Evidence of wildlife can be seen through out the trek. The Ibex and the Markhor Mountain Goat can be found and the area is famous for brown bears and snow leopards, although sightings are rare.

It flows north into the Baltoro Glacier. Its confluence with the Baltoro Glacier is called Concordia and is one of the most favorite spots for trekking in Pakistan since it provides excellent views of four of the five eight- thousanders in Pakistan. Hispar Glacier Hispar Glacier is a 49 km. This km. The extreme steepness 24 Prepared By Talib. Only the Hispar La day includes walking on the Hispar Glacier.

The crossing of four major tributary glaciers from the north is most taxing, and potentially high nullah crossings can be dangerous. The views of meter 25, foot peaks and of the snow covered cliffs and mountains on the south side of the glacier are particularly impressive. It is included in the Central Karakoram National Park. The melt water from the glacier forms Rupal River. It is the longest glacier in the Karakoram and second longest in the world's non-polar areas.

It ranges from an altitude of m 18, ft. The Siachen Glacier lies south of the great watershed that separates Central Asia from the Indian subcontinent. The 70 km The crest of the Saltoro Ridge's altitudes range from to m 17, to 25, feet. The major passes on this ridge are, from north to south, Sia La at m 18, ft , Bilafond La at m 17, ft , and Gyong La at m 18, ft.

Conflict Zone 25 Prepared By Talib. The average winter snowfall is In spite of the severe climate, the word 'Siachen' ironically means 'the place of wild roses, a reference some people attribute to the abundance of Himalayan wildflowers found in the valleys below the glacier, but specifically refers to the thorny wild plants which grow on the rocky outcrops.

The glacier is also the highest battleground on earth, where India and Pakistan have fought intermittently since April 13, Both countries maintain permanent military personnel in the region at a height of over 6, metres.

The site is a prime example of mountain warfare. The glacier's melting waters are the main source of the Nubra River, which drains into the Shyok River.

The Shyok in turn joins the Indus River. The glacier's melting waters are a major source of the river Indus, a vital water source. Global warming has had one of its worst impacts here in the Himalayas with the glaciers melting at an unprecedented rate. The volume of the glacier has been reduced by 35 percent over the last twenty years. One report blames military activity as much as global warming. The conflict in Siachen stems from the confusion in the improperly demarcated territory on the map beyond the map coordinate known as NJ The Karachi Agreement and the Simla Agreement did not clearly mention who controlled the glacier, merely stating that from the NJ location the boundary would proceed "thence north to the glaciers.

Numerous governmental and private cartographers and atlas producers followed suit. This resulted in cartographically "awarding" the entire square kilometers square miles Siachen area to Pakistan. Indian government and military took note. Prior to neither India nor Pakistan had any permanent presence in the area.

Fighting In the s and early s several mountaineering expeditions applied to Pakistan to climb high peaks in the Siachen area, and Pakistan granted them. This reinforced the Pakistani claim on the area, as these expeditions arrived on the glacier with a permit obtained from the Government of Pakistan.

Once having become aware of this in about , Colonel N. Kumar of the Indian Army mounted an Army expedition to Teram Kangri peaks in the Siachen area on the China border and just east of a line drawn due north from NJ as a counter-exercise. The first public mention of a possible conflict situation was an article by Joydeep Sircar in The Telegraph newspaper of Calcutta in , reprinted as "Oropolitics" in the Alpine Journal, London, in India launched Operation Meghdoot named after the divine cloud messenger in a Sanskrit play on 13 April when the Kumaon Regiment of the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force went into the glacier region.

Pakistan quickly responded with troop deployments and what followed was literally a race to the top. Within a few days, the Indians were in control over most of the area, as Pakistan was beaten to most of the Saltoro Ridge high ground by about a week. TIME states that the Indian advance captured nearly 1, sq. Since then Pakistan has launched several attempts to displace the Indian forces, but with little success.

The most well known was in , when an attempt was made by Pakistan to dislodge India from the area. The 26 Prepared By Talib. A special garrison with eight thousand troops was built at Khapalu.

The immediate aim was to capture Bilafond La but after bitter fighting that included hand to hand combat, the Pakistanis were thrown back and the positions remained the same. Further attempts to reclaim positions were launched by Pakistan in , , and even in early , just prior to the Lahore Summit. The attack by Pakistan SSG was significant as it resulted in 40 casualties for Pakistan troops without any changes in the positions.

Current situation The Indian Army controls all of the Siachen Glacier and the three main passes of the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier, Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La, thus holding onto the tactical advantage of high ground. The Pakistanis control the glacial valley just five kilometers southwest of Gyong La. The Pakistanis have been unable get up to the crest of the Saltoro Ridge, while the Indians cannot come down and abandon their strategic high posts.

A ceasefire went into effect in Even before then, every year more soldiers were killed because of severe weather than enemy firing. The two sides have lost an estimated 2, personnel primarily due to frostbite, avalanches and other complications. Both nations have manned outposts along the glacier, with some 3, troops each. India has built the world's highest helipad on this glacier at a place called Sonam, which is at 21, feet 6, m above the sea level, to serve the area.

India also installed the world's highest telephone booth on the glacier. Both sides have been wishing to disengage from the costly military outposts but after the Kargil War in where Pakistan sent infiltrators to occupy vacated Indian posts across the Line of Control, India has backed off from withdrawing in Siachen. India feels that Pakistan would resort to the same thing if Siachen Glacier is vacated without any official confirmation of its positions in the glacier.

During her tenure as Prime Minister of Pakistan, Ms Benazir Bhutto, visited the area west of Gyong La, making her the first premier from either side to get to the Siachen region. On June 12, , Prime Minister Manmohan Singh became the first Indian Prime Minister to visit the area, calling for a peaceful resolution of the problem. In the previous year, the President of India, Abdul Kalam became the first head of state to visit the area.

India based Jet Airways plans to open a chartered service to the glacier's nearest airlink, the Thoise airbase, mainly for military purposes. Pakistan's PIA flies tourists and trekkers daily to Skardu, which is the jumping off point for K2, the world's second highest point just 33 kilometers Vigne Glacier 27 Prepared By Talib.

In its upper reaches it is also known as theChandrabhaga. It flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and Jech interfluves Doabs in Persian. The total length of the Chenab is approximately kilometres.

The Chenab has the same place in the consciousness of the people of the Punjab, as, say the Rhine holds for the Germans, or the Danube for the Austrians and the Hungarians. It is the iconic river around which Punjabi consciousness revolves, and plays a prominent part in the tale of Heer Ranjha, the Punjabi national epic.

Mirani Dam is being built on Dasht river to provide drinking water to Gwadar city. It's source are the hills six miles south of the Sufed Koh, the source of the Kurram River, which it runs parallel too and finally joins. The Gambila is an important river for the inhabitants of the Dawar valley, as it serves to irragate a large area of land that it runs through. It is often identified with the Vedic Sarasvati River, but it is disputed if at all Rigvedic references to the Sarasvati River refer to this river.

It is a dried out river which flow during rainy season only and used to flush out flood waters of Punjab. Estimated period at which the river dried up range, very roughly, from to BC, with a further margin of error at either end of the date-range. This may be precise in geological terms, but for the Indus Valley Civilization to BC it makes all the difference whether the river dried up in its early phase or its late phase. The identification with the Sarasvati River is based the descriptions in Vedic texts e.

This however, is disputed. The Victorian era scholar C. Oldham was the first to suggest that geological events had redirected the river, and to connect it to the lost Saraswati: "[it] was formerly the Sarasvati; that name is still known amongst the people, and the famous fortress of Sarsuti or Sarasvati was built upon its banks, nearly miles below the present junction with the Ghaggar.

It originates in the Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh and flows through Punjab and Haryana to Rajasthan; just southwest of Sirsa inHaryana and by the side of Tibi in Rajasthan, this seasonal river feeds two irrigation canals that extend into Rajasthan. Near Sadulgarh Hanumangarh the Naiwala channel, a dried out channel of the Sutlej, joins the Ghaggar.

Near Suratgarh the Ghaggar is then joined by the dried up Drishadvati river. The wide river bed of the Ghaggar river suggest that the river once flowed full of water, and that it formerly continued through the entire region, in the presently dry channel of the Hakra River, possibly emptying into the Rann of Kutch.

It supposedly dried up due to the capture of its tributaries by the Indus and Yamuna rivers, and the loss of rainfall in much of its catchment area due to deforestation and overgrazing. This is supposed to have happened at the latest in BCE, but perhaps much earlier. Puri and Verma have argued that the present-day Tons River was the ancient upper- part of the Sarasvati River, which would then had been fed with Himalayan glaciers. The terrain of this river contains pebbles of quartzite and metamorphic rocks, while the lower terraces in these valleys do not contain such rocks.

In India there are also various small or middle-sized rivers called Sarasvati or Saraswati. One of them flows from the west end of the Aravalli Range into the east end of the Rann of Kutch. Many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilisation have been found along the Ghaggar and Hakra rivers.

Archaeologists have suggested that the drying up of this river may have been one of the causes for the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. Along the course of the Ghaggar-Hakra river are many archaeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization; but not further south than the middle of Bahawalpur district.

It could be that the permanent Sarasvati ended there, and its water only reached the sea in very wet rainy seasons. It may also have been affected by much of its water being taken for irrigation. Over sites of the Indus civilization have been discovered on the Hakra-Ghaggar river and its tributaries. In contrast to this, only 90 to 96 Indus Valley sites have been discovered on the Indus and its tributaries about 36 sites on the Indus river itself.

Early Harappan sites are mostly situated on the middle Ghaggar-Hakra river bed, and some in the Indus Valley. Most of the Mature Harappan sites are located in the middle Ghaggar- Hakra river valley, and some on the Indus and in the Kutch-Saurashtra. However in the late Harappan period the number of late Harappan sites in the middle Hakra channel and in the Indus valley diminishes, while it expands in the upper Ghaggar-Sutlej channels and in Saurashtra.

The abandonement of many sites on the Hakra-Ghaggar between the Harappan and the Late Harappan phase was probably due to the drying up of the Hakra-Ghaggar river. Because most of the Indus Valley sites are actually located on the Hakra-Ghaggar river and its tributaries and not on the Indus river, some archaeologists have proposed to use the term "Indus Sarasvati Civilization" to refer to the Harappan culture.

In a survey conducted by M. Mughal between and , over sites were mapped along miles of the Hakra river. The majority of these sites were dated to the fourth or third millennium BCE. He was dismissed during the Pakistani coup d'tat.

He was dismissed by the president after Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. Six years later, she became the first woman elected to lead a Muslim state. Sharif resigned from the post negotiating a settlement that resulted in the removal of President as well, in July She survived an attempted coup d'tat in Bhutto's government was dismissed by president Farooq Leghari in November His government was deposed by General Pervez Musharraf in October , and Martial law was imposed in the entire country.

He continued the foreign and economic policies of Pervez Musharraf but could not complete his term and resigned from the post in June He left the office at the end of the parliamentary term, in November , and became the first Prime Minister of Pakistan who left the seat after completion of parliamentary term.

He was disqualified from his seat in the parliament in April by the Supreme Court for contempt of court. Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif has been pleased to approve the following revised Assistance Package for Government employees, who die in service, w. Security related Deaths. In case of less than 10 years service of the deceased employees, rate of minimum 10 years service will be applicable.

Retention of Government house or payment of rent of hired house till the age of superannuation. Payment of lump sum grant in lieu of plot subject to the condition that no plot had been allotted in the past, as per scale given below